Clients with a history of which habit have a higher risk for osteoporosis?

Clients with a history of smoking have a higher risk for developing osteoporosis. Smoking has a detrimental effect on bone health for several reasons. It interferes with the body's ability to absorb calcium, which is essential for bone formation and maintenance. Additionally, smoking has been shown to reduce estrogen levels in women, which is a critical hormone for protecting bone density. In both men and women, the harmful substances in cigarettes can also impact bone remodeling, the process by which old bone is replaced with new bone, leading to a decrease in overall bone density over time.

While regular physical exercise and adequate hydration are crucial for maintaining bone health, and high protein intake can support bone development, these habits are generally associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis rather than an increased risk. In contrast, smoking consistently emerges as a significant risk factor in osteoporosis studies, making it vital to address this habit in clients concerned about their bone health.